Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response free essay sample

A fiasco is an occasion that is a characteristic or man-made event that can upset or demolish the lives of those it influences (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). The board of a catastrophe incorporates four stages; anticipation, readiness, reaction and recuperation (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Hawaii’s seclusion in the pacific fits the chance of numerous debacles from; floods, tropical storms, torrents, seismic tremors, pandemics, and fountain of liquid magma emissions (Schaefers, 2014). The motivation behind this paper is to contemplate crisis readiness and reaction to flooding in Hawaii, and the job of the expert medical caretaker in such a calamity. The Role of the Nurse There is an affinity for flooding in Hawaii because of overwhelming downpours, torrents and tropical storms. Because of the detachment of the island, network estimates must be taken to become independent and arranged for recuperation from a fiasco. Streak floods in Hawaii can happen whenever and are recorded most during the wet season which runs October through April (Flash Floods, n. We will compose a custom article test on Crisis Preparedness and Disaster Response or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page d. ). â€Å"Flooding is the main source of direct climate passings in the province of Hawaii† (Flash Floods, n. d. , para. 2). General Health Nurses (PHN) serve a fundamental job in the moderation or counteraction of fiascos (Baack Alfred, 2013). With the end goal for attendants to aid calamity readiness they ought to be readied themselves by tending to their own requirements for wellbeing, and by rehearsing self-wellbeing (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). The special job of the PHN in a fiasco incorporates being people on call and triaging the harmed, continuous observation of the crisis, fast needs appraisal, and abilities in correspondence to furnish the network with exact and auspicious data (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). The requirement for expanded nursing support during a fiasco is a lot more prominent than at some other time, however explore has indicated that numerous medical attendants are not satisfactorily arranged for this job because of absence of preparing or fitness (Baack Alfred, 2013). The most ideal route for the PHN to be set up for a crisis is to take an interest cooperatively with network assets including neighborhood medical clinics, human services habitats, and state fiasco groups. Preparing on specific groups, for example, Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), Medial Reserve Corps (MRC), and the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) give chances to the attendant to set themselves up for a fiasco (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Preparing for debacle readiness improves the probability that companions, family and neighbors will be prepared and versatile (HMRC, 2014). With respect to flooding in Hawaii, attendants can teach general society in approaches to evade injury and passing during a flood. Showing the most secure course to high ground, what crisis materials they ought to have available, and not to pass through an overwhelmed territory (DEM: streak flood, n. d. ). The PHN utilizes clinical dynamic abilities during a fiasco, for example, realizing the debacle plans for their locale, aiding triage of harmed, forestalling further injury to volunteers attempting to help, and working together with neighborhood organizations (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Nursing Strategies Hawaii’s area in the Pacific Ocean necessitates that we act naturally dependent, brisk to recuperate, and fast to react (HMRC, 2014). One best practice is to help the network in getting ready for a crisis. Instruction on what should be in a 7-day catastrophe unit is basic since we rely vigorously upon shipment of nourishments through our harbor and our vitality flexibly is testing (DEM: streak flood, n. d. ). Giving out fliers on survival pack planning to the network through crisis readiness fairs and wellbeing focuses is one approach to instruct the general population. During the recuperation stage, the PHN helps the network to come back to a condition of regularity as speedy as could reasonably be expected. Recuperation is regularly troublesome and requires long haul backing of the network wellbeing medical caretaker in a joint effort with state and national endeavors help (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). A nursing way to deal with recuperation is to stay adaptable and persistently survey network needs and decide mediations that help to accomplish pre-debacle life (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). A considerable lot of Hawaii’s PHN are not set up for a crisis or fiasco so preparing through cooperation in a debacle drills or real calamity occasions is pivotal (Baack Alfred, 2013). A best practice methodology is cooperation in one of the Hawaii debacle readiness associations, for example, The Hawaii Medical Reserve Corps, which individuals are a total of doctor and attendant volunteers who need to serve their locale when a fiasco or general wellbeing crisis strikes (HMRC, 2014). The participation of gatherings, investment in readiness activities, and help with non-rising network wellbeing exercises all assistance the PHN to be set up to react immediately when required in a debacle (HMRC, 2014). Synopsis Hawaii is known for its catastrophic events from floods, tremors, and the evolving condition, and furthermore from potential pandemics because of the convergence of overall guests. We as nursing experts must be prepared and arranged. The job of the medical attendant in a calamity or crisis is one of self-arrangement, relief, and network evaluation. Systems to improve reaction to a fiasco incorporates instruction of the network, coordinated effort of assets, and sufficient preparing of the PHN.

MIT Talks Energy at the White House

MIT Talks Energy at the White House At a press briefing at the White House on Monday, MIT President Susan Hockfield joined U.S. President Barack Obama in calling for a truly historic new level of federal funding for clean energy research. The event came as Congress prepares to take up the presidents budget, which calls for dedicating $150 billion over 10 years for a new clean energy RD and technology fund. This initiative represents the largest and most important investment in science and technology by the U.S. government since the Apollo moon-landing program in the 1960s, Hockfield said. Read more (and see the video): Hockfield, Obama urge major push in clean energy research funding MIT News Office Energy has been a central, vibrant part of MITs mission ever since President Hockfields inauguration. In her inaugural address, President Hockfield said, A second great opportunity, and a great obligation, is our institutional responsibility to address the challenges of energy and the environment. Today, that responsibility is embodied in the work of the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI). Founded in September 2006, the Energy Initiative helps coordinate MITs significant research into the energy sector. It also houses a wealth of resources and opportunities for students interested in making a difference so if youre at all interested in energy research or energy education, be sure to check out their website! In particular, the Energy Initiative has been a key player in helping establish a new inter-disciplinary Energy Minor at MIT, which is projected to be available this coming semester in Fall 2009. With all that in mind, heres a sampling of the hundreds of energy-related opportunities that abound at MIT. In the classroom: 8.21 Physics ¬â€ of ¬â€ Energy, which has been talked about quite a bit on campus, explores how energy actually works. From a physics standpoint, the course material ranges from a mechanical and electromagnetic understanding of energy systems to talking about thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and nuclear physics. But the class also covers some of the overlooked aspects of the energy problem, such as energy transport and conversion. Finally, the class explores some of the side effects of energy use, such as global warming and nuclear radiation hazards, that capture so much of the medias attention. 12.213 Alternate Energy Sources is a six-unit class that explores a number of alternative energy sources, ranging from wind and solar to geothermal and nuclear. Because its only 6 units and has no prerequisites, its easy to drop into your schedule! And because the class changes from year to year, you can even take it more than once. 14.44 Energy Economics and Policy investigates various aspects of the energy economy. The class also talks about novel ideas for the future, such as energy tax, price regulation/deregulation, CO2 emissions, and pollution controls. 4.411 Building Technology Laboratory is an architecture project laboratory that explores how to integrate energy-saving techniques into new buildings. The class focuses on building and testing models, and pays particular attention to applications for developing countries. and more! In the lab: Center for Excitonics explores organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and how they can be harnessed to create light-absorbing antennas, new solar cells, and other energy-efficient technologies. John M. Deutch is an Institute Professor of Chemistry with a passion for understanding fuel cells and other energy sources. With a number of other faculty, he recently completed a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study of nuclear power including technical, economic, and environmental concerns. He is currently working on a follow-up study regarding the future of fossil fuels. The Juanes Research Group (Civil and Environmental Engineering) explores CO2 storage and carbon sequestration. Professor Angela Belcher, whom Ive blogged about before, unites a number of diverse fields ranging from biochemistry to materials science to electrical engineering to explore new approaches to energy. Her labs research results have from improved solar cells to viral nanobatteries. and many, many more! In student groups: MIT Energy Club seeks to bring together all the members of MITs vibrant energy community. The club hosts a number of serial programs, including an Energy Lecture Series and an Energy Discussion Series, in addition to large signature events like the annual MIT EnergyNight and the MIT Energy Conference. The MIT Solar Electric Vehicle Team (SEVT) works to build and race its very own solar car, as an example of an alternately-powered vehicle that may someday revolutionize the auto industry. Working with the famous Edgerton Center, the team frequently refines their design, drawing upon a wealth of past experiences and expertise in all of the scientific and engineering disciplines. They unveiled their latest car, Eleanor, last month and are currently preparing for the World Solar Challenge in Australia in October. Solar Decathalon is an international competition sponsored by the Department of Energy that challenges college students to design and build an energy-efficient solar-powered house. Last year, MITs Solar 7 Team developed a Zero Energy Home that draws its power solely from solar energy without sacrificing any comforts of the modern era. Heres a write-up of their project. [emailprotected] is a student group dedicated to promoting sustainable development at MIT and around the world. They coordinate a number of events on campus, ranging from the MIT Generator designed to serve as a starting point for students with big ideas (or small ones!) about how to make MIT a more sustainable environment to large events like the upcoming Sustainability Summit. [emailprotected] is a group of students working together to implement a campus biodiesel system. Their goal is to reprocess used vegetable oil from the dining halls on campus into a biofuel that can be used to run the MIT SafeRide. and more!

George Orwell s The Brave New World - 1791 Words

In both texts, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World it is clear from the start the societies show a heavy reliance on state control as a means of maintaining the dystopian civilizations. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a powerful presentation of a dystopian society under the influence and control of a totalitarian government. Orwell uses the character of Winston as a vehicle to explore the extent of the governments’ oppressive techniques. Through clever use of free indirect speech as the narrative structure, the reader is instantly immersed into a deprived society under perpetual surveillance of the omniscient ruler known only as ‘Big Brother’, and the effective but perverse methods the state uses to maintain power. In the text†¦show more content†¦In Brave New World, technology enables the population to be manipulated and have their values defined from a young and impressionable age. It is the key to ultimate social control and it is u sed in that way; without the advanced technology the society of Brave New World would not be able to achieve such powerful control. Technology is necessary for all of the vital aspects of the mass reproduction with medical interference. For example the ‘Bokanovsky process’ and ‘hypnopaedia conditioning’ both rely heavily on medical and technological advances. As a result the society is fragmented and unchanging. The plot’s heavy reliance on science could be argued to be due to Huxley’s affluent background and family history within the science field. His grandfather was nicknamed ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ for his support of Darwin’s theories and his active role within Biology. In Nineteen Eighty-Four technology is used very differently, it essence is still  ¬Ã‚ ¬the same (social control) however they use it for invasive monitoring into every aspect of the citizens life. For example ‘Telescreens’ are camera-esque devices which are everywhere, they are designed to â€Å"receive and transmit [information] simultaneously† . As a result â€Å"there [is] no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment† which creates a constant feeling of unease, one which the population learn to tolerate and accept. This further aids the totalitarian government with their aggressive dictatorship,

Questions On The Nursing Process Essay - 775 Words

October 29, 2016. Preceptor: Tiffany Sheppard Location: 3 North Unity Level Objective/Core value: #9 Nursing process Definition: According to the UACCB level 4 grading tool (2016) p. 1; Nursing Process: Initiate, evaluate, and update plan of care used to guide patient care. Incorporate knowledge of population health risks and health promotion strategies. Plan and provide mental health care on the primary, secondary, and tertiary level. Plan and provide physiologic care on the primary, secondary, and tertiary level. The nursing process is â€Å"a systematic problem-solving approach toward giving individualized nursing care† (Craven, 2013. P. 174). It is made up of six phases, number one is the assessment phase. In this phase the nurse gathers information by observing and examining the patient as well as interpreting diagnostic tests and lab values (Craven, 2013. P. 175). The next phase of the nursing process is the diagnosis phase, this phase is the â€Å"clinical act of identifying problems† (Craven, 2013. P. 175). He third phase is outcome and planning phase, the purpose of this phase is to formulate realistic measureable goals that are specific to th e patient. Implementation is the fourth phase. This is where the planning is put into action, it can include delegating or coordinating interventions. The final phase is evaluation, this is where the nurse determines if her interventions were appropriate and moved the patient toward their goal (Craven, 2013. P. 176-177). My patientShow MoreRelatedEssay about Nursing Care Model: The Magnet Hospital Model843 Words   |  4 PagesThe magnet hospital model is an international design to provide optimal framework for nursing care and future research. 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Assessment of Jane Eyre Free Essays

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a sophisticated and renowned Gothic romance novel. Its plot has many unconventional twists and turns and, although the novel has been widely accepted and appreciated in the world of classic literature, it has also had its share of controversy. From the beginning of the novel, it becomes clear that it does not perhaps preach the same religious values as other books written during its time (the 1800s), and some have taken the view that this aspect of the book is wrong and will poison the mind of every young, susceptible person who reads it. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of Jane Eyre or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of this has to do with the fact that the novel centers around the growing love affair between a sardonic, brooding gentleman named Mr. Rochester and his governess and the main character of the book, Jane Eyre. The possible objections people might make to the novel are the differences in rank, connections and wealth between Mr. Rochester and Jane, not to mention the difference in age (Mr. Rochester is 20 years Jane’s senior). Even more objectionable; however, is the fact that Mr. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre Rochester proposes to Jane even though he is already married to a madwoman (his wife had a heritable condition that made her savage and insane), and is keeping her safeguarded in a room upstairs in the very house in which he met Jane. These objections are expressed succinctly in a criticism against the book found on a pro-book-banning website: â€Å"Readers of Jane Eyre often see Edward Rochester as a dashing, romantic hero–and therein lies the problem. Rochester is already married when he woos Jane, and he has locked his mentally ill wife into an attic. What kind of a person would do this, and do we really want impressionable teenage girls idolizing such a person as a romantic hero? † (CC2K 1). The website also states that it finds Jane Eyre to promote adultery and the abuse of the mentally ill. It’s all well and good for someone on a website to say that certain circumstances of the novel were socially or ethically immoral (especially when the circumstances were taken out of context and generalized), but one of the main reasons that the book was banned in some parts of England in the mid to late 1800’s (Jane Eyre was first published in 1847) was the fact that it was written by a woman. Charlotte Bronte first used the pen name of Currer Bell to avoid the prejudice against female writers, but it was eventually found out that she was a woman and certain readers found it disturbing â€Å"that a woman had written such a passionate novel and seemed so knowing sexually† (Brooklyn. cuny. edu 1). Some of the harsher reviews of the book state the reasons it was thought unfit to be read: â€Å"Jane Eyre is, indeed, one of the coarsest books which we ever perused. It is not that the professed sentiments of the writer are absolutely wrong or forbidding, or that the odd sort of religious notions which she puts forth are much worse than is usual in popular tales. It is rather that there is a tendency to relapse into that class of ideas, expressions, and circumstances, which is most connected with the grosser and more animal portion of our nature; and that the detestable morality of the most prominent character in the story is accompanied with every sort of palliation short of unblushing justification (1848)† (Brooklyn. cuny. edu 2). Fortunately for the world; however, the voices of these critics were drowned out by the majority of the supportive and positive criticism of the novel. Personally, I found the novel to be a refreshing upheaval of many popular conventions that existed in the 19th century and that still exist in some places today. It is a story about two people who ignored the rigid vice that society had placed upon them and did what they truly felt to be right. The novel doesn’t ignore or refute morals, rather, it shows the reader the things that are truly important in life; some of the things we tend to forget. For example, neither Jane Eyre nor Mr. Rochester is considered physically attractive by their peers. Jane is considered plain and almost child-like (she is 18 when she becomes Mr. Rochester’s governess and has a small, slight frame) and Mr. Rochester is a dark, brooding, erratic 38-year-old man, so unlike his daintier male counterparts of the time. This is such an understated phenomenon that the two main characters in a romance were considered ugly. It means, for once, that beauty doesn’t mean everything; in fact, it means absolutely nothing at all. Jane and Mr. Rochester end up loving each other more strongly and completely than almost any other romance ever heard of. As for preaching immoral practices and ways of life, Jane Eyre exhibits the merits of strong will and self respect that people, and women in particular, may never have known was an option for them. Women were allowed few rights in the 1800s and when Jane refuses to marry Mr. Rochester because she has discovered that he is already married to a woman who has gone insane (and therefore divorce is not an option) and she makes both herself and the man she loves absolutely miserable in the process, what bad message is a reader to find? Jane refused to give up her self respect, she refused to do what she thought was morally wrong, even though it was the hardest thing she’d ever had to do in her life. Some reviews of the novel clearly express the feminism it exhibits: â€Å"the story is very much about the nature of human freedom and equality, and if Jane was seen as something of a renegade in nineteenth-century England, it is because her story is that of a woman who struggles for self-definition and determination in a society that too often denies her that right† (EBooks 1). When Jane and Mr. Rochester do end up together at the end of the novel, it is only after his wife has accidentally died in a house fire (she jumped off of the roof and committed suicide) and Mr. Rochester had lost both an eye and a hand in the process. This signifies to the reader that Mr. Rochester couldn’t get away scot-free after trying to trick Jane into a false second marriage. He had to pay for some of his â€Å"sins† before he could be happy again, showing that those who act wrongly (even if they have good motives) do not profit from it. In the end, one of the most novel aspects of the book is the fact that Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester are not brought together by worldly or material concerns. They are brought together by a true love and a desire to make themselves and each other happy. One of the reasons the novel was banned is also one of its greatest strengths; Charlotte Bronte’s use of love and passion in the novel allows the reader to connect to the characters and it causes the story to have meaning. This is expressed by one review of the novel in which it was highly praised: â€Å"This is not merely a work of great promise; it is one of absolute performance. It is one of the most powerful domestic romances which have been published for many years. It has little or nothing of the old conventional stamp upon it †¦ but it is full of youthful vigor, of freshness and originality, of nervous diction and concentrated interest. The incidents are sometimes melo-dramatic, and, it might be added, improbable; but these incidents, though striking, are subordinate to the main purpose of the piece, which is a tale of passion, not of intensity which is most sublime. It is a book to make the pulses gallop and the heart beat, and to fill the eyes with tears (1847)† Brooklyn. cuny. edu 1). Jane Eyre is necessarily eccentric in its values and after reading it, one is convinced that if all of its values were adopted by the rest of the world, we would all live in a much better place. Given the above evidence, one could say that it is almost a sin in itself to ban the novel to young readers. Jane Eyre uses descriptive and sophisticated language, so it is probably ideal for a young adult or adolescent’s eyes, but a reader of any age may benefit from it by being exposed to new thoughts, principles and ways of life. Charlotte Bronte managed to support rights for women, marriage for love, self-respect and the false value of beauty all in one novel. Jane Eyre is eccentric and one of a kind and should not be restricted from the world, but shared with it. Works Cited â€Å"Charlotte Bronte ‘Jane Eyre. ’† Brooklyn. cuny. edu. n. p. , 29 March, 2005. Web. 2 Feb, 2013. â€Å"Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. † Ebooks. n. p. , 18 Dec, 2010. Web. 2 Feb, 2013. Woodward, Beth. â€Å"Let’s Ban All the Books: An Argument for Book Banning. † CC2K. n. p. , 3 Oct, 2010. Web. 3 Feb, 2013. How to cite Assessment of Jane Eyre, Papers

Modern Science and the Creation Story

Table of Contents Introduction The Creationist Theory The Big Bang Theory The Evolution Theory The Intelligence Design The Steady State Theory References Introduction Since time immemorial, the world has been in war for varied reasons, differences in ideological beliefs, aggression from other states, scramble for resources, and territorial violations. However, the longest lasting and most contested battle, pitting the world’s largest groups, Christians and Scientists, against each other, is of the origin of man and the universe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Science and the Creation Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Religious groups like Christians, Muslims, and Jews believe in the biblical story of creation. The creationism theory states that God created Adam and Eve in his own image and placed them in the Garden of Eden where all forms of life began. According to this theory, the univer se is approximately 6000 years old as calculated by Archbishop Ussher in the sixteenth century. Scientists, who claim life form existed in the world millions of years ago, have watered the credibility of the creation theory. Fossils excavated from seabeds and sedimentary rocks ascertain this claim. Scientists’ attempts to explain the origin of the universe have led to the development of many theories, all having their shortfalls. As a result, none of the theories has gained universal acceptance as the most probable origin of man and the universe. This has left moral, religious, and cultural forces to play a great role in shaping people’s stand on the origin of the universe. The Creationist Theory To establish the reason for the many scientific researches on the origin of the universe, it is prudent to explain the theory all works of science seem to tear apart, The Creationism Theory. Widely held by Christians, Muslims, and Jews, the theory explains that God is the crea tor and controller of the universe. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day†¦And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree†¦Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth†¦after their kind, and every winged fowl after his ki nd and God saw that it was good†¦ Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind†¦ And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth†¦So God created man in his own image (New International Version BIBLE, Gen. 1.1-29). The creationists believe that God created living creatures on earth and can take them away at will. According to this theory, the world is 6000 years old. The theory draws its strength from the complexity of human life that science cannot explain. Furthermore, research has proven that some major occurrences mentioned in the bible are true. The big flood that swept the whole World and the Ark of Noah are examples of proven happenings. Balsiger (2010) supports the flood’s occurrence by saying, â€Å"Geologists who have climbed mou nt Ararat, the landing site of Noah’s Ark, have discovered a varriety of seashells and other evidence that this mountain was once under water.† Similarly, Harris (1997) provides crucial evidence of the detention and enslaving of the Israelites in Egypt as mentioned in the bible. It is easier to believe the creation story and let life continue. However, scientists are leaving nothing at stake in their bid to answer questions on the existence of the universe they consider not addressed by the theory. Further, they claim incorrect timing and unmentioned crucial facts about the creation theory â€Å"cast doubt† on the overall theory (Caputo, 2006). First, the creation theory’s timeframe calculated by Archbishop Ussher, and generally accepted by creationists, is far from what scientists consider the true age of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Science and the Creation Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $ 11/page Learn More â€Å"The discovery of fossil types of man or manlike organisms†¦from South Africa, in the early Pleistocene strata of 1,000,000 million years ago†¦now classified as Homo erectus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is evidence that the world has existed for at least a million years, as opposed to the 6000 years advocated by the theory (Adler, 1993). In fact, according to Fortey (2009), the oldest documented case of living animals is over 540 million years. The theory is also under condemnation for failing to explain the beginning of human races just as it explains language diversity. If all human beings, as explained by the theory, are descendants of Adam and Eve, why is the world’s population so diverse? Why do we have Whites, Blacks, Reds, and the Colored races? Lack of answers for such crucial information has led to the emergence of many theories attempting to provide the much-needed answers. These theories include, Evolution proposed by Charles Darw in, Intelligent Design, the Steady State Theory, and the Big Bang Theory. The Big Bang Theory In 1984, Long claimed, â€Å"The big bang theory is the most popular of all the scientific theories that attempt to explain the origin of the universe.† Georges Lemaitre, a Belgian priest and professor who lectured at the University of Louvain, developed the theory. Georges’ argued that the fast movement of other galaxies away from our own in all directions is symbolic of an ancient force pushing them away from our universe. Long (1984) confirms that the proponents of the big bang theory believe the vast universe was compressed into a tiny finite volume, which exploded and has been flying apart as the universe ever since. This compressed state is believed to have existed for just split seconds before the big bang. According to this theory, a massive explosion caused the universe’s matter and energy to disperse ten to twenty billion years ago. Immediately after the big b ag, the universe expanded with speed beyond understanding from the tiny size to the current astronomical scope. Even though the expansion continues, it is now happening at a much slower speed. Fox (2002) describes this phenomenon in details. In the beginning, there was nothing†¦nothingness in which packets of energy fleeted in and out of existence, popping into oblivion as quickly as they appeared†¦One of these fluctuations had just enough energy to take off. It inflated wildly out of control – one-moment infinitesimally small, moments later, light-years across. All of space and time was created in that instant, and as that energy slowed, it cooled and froze into matter (p. 9).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory seeks to justify the occurrence of a massive blast by pointing out the existence of cosmic microwave background radiation throughout the universe. The theory asserts that these waves are leftovers from the big bang. Despite its wide acceptance by scientists as the most probable origin of the universe, the big bang theory is equally criticized as it leaves many scientific questions unanswered. For example, the theory gives no explanation on the evolution of the universe after the big bang. Worst still, the theory completely fails to explain the â€Å"origin of the big bang† itself (Edwards, 2001). How then can it be good enough to explain the origin of the universe when its own origin is blurred? The Evolution Theory In 1959, Charles Darwin published his book, â€Å"The origin of Species† in which he explained that man evolved from tiny living creatures through environmental adaptation over millions of years (Darwin, 1958). He further argued, â€Å"Animals t hat were incapable of adapting to environmental changes perished† (p. 27). The depth and breadth of Darwin’s research findings easily convinced many scientists that natural selection provided the most concrete and firm foundation on origin of man. In fact, Darwin himself exuded a lot of confidence in his findings when he said, â€Å"I cannot possibly believe that a false theory would explain so many classes of facts† (p. 27). Darwin’s study of evolution was triggered by observation of life in South America. He stated, â€Å"When on board H. M. S. Beatle as a naturalist, I was much struck with certain facts in the distribution of organic beings inhabiting South America, and the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent† (p. 1). Darwin further explained that the facts â€Å"seemed to throw some light on the origin of species† and went ahead to give a detailed account of the facts (p. 1). In furthering his exp lanations, Darwin gives the example of a giraffe. He said taller giraffes had a better chance of survival because they could reach taller tree leaves even during drought as compared to shorter ones. In order to survive, the giraffes gave birth to progeny that grew taller and taller over time. In this same manner, Darwin holds that animals and humans have adapted, evolved, and survived. Animals that were incapable of adapting themselves perished. This principle of survival of the fittest is what Darwin called â€Å"means of natural selection.† If variations useful to any organic being ever do occur, assuredly individuals thus characterized will have the best chance of being preserved in the struggle for life; and from the strong principle of inheritance, these will tend to produce offspring similarly characterized (Darwin, 1958). The evolutionists hold that humans grew from particles that randomly clang together to form DNA molecules. These molecules grew continuously to be th e humans we know today. The possibility of man evolving from tiny living creatures, as proposed by Charles Darwin, is mathematically near impossible. Sapse (2000) states, â€Å"For life to be formed, the right mix of life sustaining amino acids must be united.† Webb (2002) reinforces the idea by claiming that the probability of random processes creating a nucleic acid or a protein is tiny. In further support of this claim, Davis (1999) says that hundreds of thousands of proteins are required to sustain life, and that the probability of these proteins coming together â€Å"randomly† is 1040000. Additionally, the theory fails to highlight the origin of the tiny particles that randomly unite to give forth life. It could be easy to believe the evolution process, but without a strong foundation on the origin of the tiny living creatures, it is baseless. The theory also claims that the earth is four billion years old, a time not long enough for the tiny particles to form the complex human life we know today. The Intelligence Design The idea that human’s complexity is a result of a superior, powerful, and all knowing designer whose ability is beyond man’s understanding has existed for years. In fact, the theory existed long before Charles Darwin came up with the evolution theory. William Paley, a renowned English theologian, is the accredited exponent of the theory. Paley illustrated the theory with the famous watchmaker analogy. He claimed that if one found a pocket watch in the field whiles walking, concluding that it is a product of evolution is unfounded. Rather, one should know that it is a result of a designing being’s intellect. Likewise, he concluded that the existing complex life in the world is a result of super natural creator’s activities. The intelligence design theory is linked to the creationist theory because it supports the existence of a supernatural deity as the designer of the universe. The proponents of t his theory differ with the creation theory’s timeframe. Rather, they agree with the evolutionists in the belief that the world has existed for millions of years. Some believers of the theory claim God designed life and the universe, while others claim it is not clear who designed the universe, but agree that it must be a civilization superior to ours. Still others believe our existence on the universe is the work of aliens, using human race as subjects of experiment. There is not a single evidence of this claim, but refuting it is equally hard as there is no evidence to the contrary of the belief. This theory may hold ground to some extend since the modern man’s appearance on earth seems sudden and unexplained. Whereas there are many discovered fossils of animals dating back to 540 million years old, the oldest fossil of modern man, Cro-Magnon, is only thirty to forty thousand years old (Fagan, 2010). Furthermore, there seems to be no fossil evidence of humans evolving from any other animals or beings. The lack of evidence of existence of man until 30 million years ago could probably point out that they â€Å"dropped† from somewhere. The supporters of intelligent design argue that the theory offers explanation to some concepts that evolution cannot account for. Irreducible complexity is an example of a concept evolution cannot account for. Here, they argue that some components of nature or biochemical systems are so well matched to be mere products of evolution. Irreducible systems are only complete as a whole, any attempt to remove any part results to error as all their parts are necessary. The characteristics of the parts being so intricate and interdependent cannot be a result of evolution. The stand by intelligent design theorists that no evolution has taken place is widely criticized by a section of scientists who believe it is based on ignorance. The critics claim it is unrealistic, improper, and grave to deny evolution as it continu es even today. For example, they claim if an individual cuts himself, the blood responds by producing plasma cells that clot the blood around the cut to reduce and eventually end the blood flow. â€Å"The key proteins that clot blood fit this pattern, too. They are actually modified versions of proteins used in the digestive system†¦evolution duplicated, retargeted, and modified these proteins to produce the vertebrate blood-clotting system† (Curry Chang 2006). Such responses, they claim have existed from the very existence of man and have ensured his survival (Campbell, 2009). The Steady State Theory A group of renowned scientists developed the steady state theory in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The scientists involved in the development of this theory included, Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle all whom were Cambridge physicists. Bondi states, â€Å"The Steady State Theory differs from other creation theories†¦the problem of creation, is brought within the scope of physical inquiry, and is examined in detail instead of, as in other theories, being handed over metaphysics† (Bondi, 1952). The theory made it acceptable in the late 1960s that the universe had no known beginning at all. Instead, it held that matter is created continuously during the expansion of the universe, which ensures perfect adherence to cosmological principle. This theory further asserts that despite the continuous expansion of the universe, its appearance has not changed over time. Due to the continuous expansion of the universe, a notable change to its components is only impossible if new matter is continuously created to maintain the average density of matter in the universe. The scientists claimed that hydrogen is the continuously produced matter that keeps the universe stable. In 1993, the theory was reinforced and additional information that lacked in the initial version added. Quasi-steady state theory is a result of the modificati ons, which suggest that there are pockets of creations occurring within the universe commonly referred to as mini-bangs. Even though the steady state theory is widely discredited, there are people who believe its premises. Evidently, the scientific theories put forward by various scientists have failed to address, comprehensively and conclusively, the â€Å"missing links† in the creation theory. Instead, they have torn the world into different directions, pitting people against each other, consequently spinning the world to a completely irrelevant direction, of seeking the dark and little known past, instead of focusing on the future and how to make his stay in the world most comfortable. Humanity has greater enemies in diseases, famine, and poverty. Therefore, greater effort should be directed at fighting these enemies. Scientific discoveries have helped humans greatly by inventing medicines for curing diseases thereby reducing mortality rate, explaining phenomena that were once mysteries, and introducing new technologies, which have improved living standards. However, it must be accepted that scientific research on the origin of the universe, has hardly contributed towards improving man’s well being. Instead, it is divisive and baseless. Every individual has the freedom to choose what theory to believe concerning the origin and existence of the universe and all the creatures in it. Whichever the choice, every individual must put effort in tolerating others who hold contrary opinion. References Adler, M. J. (1993). The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes. New York, NY: Fordham University Press. Balsiger, D. W. (2010). Miraculous Messages: From Noah’s Flood to the End Times. Florida: ReadHowYouWant.Com. Bondi, H. (1952). Cosmology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Dover Publications. Campbell, B. G. (2009). Human Evolution: An Introduction to Mans Adaptations (4th ed.). New Jersey: Walter de Gruyter. Caputo, J. D. (2006). The weakness of God : a theology of the event. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Curry, J., Chang, I. (2006). Evolution. Bronx, NY: Halsey William Wilson. Darwin, C. (1958). On the origin of species (6th ed.). New York, NY: Sterling. Davis, P. (1999). The 5th Miracle: The Search for the Origin and Meaning of Life. London: Penguin. Edwards, R. B. (2001). What caused the big bang? Amsterdam: Rodopi. Fagan, B. M. (2010). Cro-Magnon: how the Ice Age gave birth to the first modern humans. New York City, NY: Bloomsbury Press. Fortey, R. (2009). Fossils: The History of Life. New York City, NY: Sterling. Fox, K. C. (2002). The big bang theory: what it is, where it came from, and why it works. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Genesis. (2011). In Holy Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. Harris, N. (1997). The history of ancient Egypt. London: Chancellor Press. Long, B. (1984). The origins of man and the universe: the myth that came to life. London: Barry Long Books. Sapse, A. (2000). Molecular orbital calculations for amino acids and peptides. Basel: Birkhà ¤user. Webb, S. (2002). If the universe is teeming with aliens– where is everybody?: fifty solutions to the Fermi paradox and the problem of extraterrestrial life. New York City, NY:Springer. This essay on Modern Science and the Creation Story was written and submitted by user Bennett Odom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critique of Shindlers List essays

Critique of Shindlers List essays Schindler's List is one of the most powerful stories of all time. It tells the true story of the German businessman Oskar Schindler who comes to Poland looking for economic expansion with a new factory and leaves as a savior of more than 1,100 Jews. The Holocaust is truly one of the most devastating occurrences in history and is an incredibly hard topic to expand on. Thomas Keneally does an amazing job in writing what many wouldnt dare. The story starts out in the early stages of World War II. The German forces defeat the Polish with ease and within weeks the Jews are forced out of their homes to report to a train station, where their names are registered. People tease and yell at any Jew they see in the street. Oskar Schindler, a German businessman visits the ghetto. He wishes to see Itzhak Stern, a Jewish man is who good at accounting and used to own a pot-making factory. Jews are no longer allowed to own businesses, so Oskar makes a deal with Itzhak so he can work for Schindler. It is at this point where the reader cannot put the book down. All Jews are now forced to pack their things and move out of their homes by German soldiers. They are assigned new homes. The next morning, the people are gathered outside and information on their education and working experiences are reported. The way Keneally describes everything is truly haunting. Some of the Jews that can't be used for work are loaded into trucks and sent off to concentration camps. Oskar lives near the ghetto and he witnesses many of the pandemoniums and gets all teary eyed. It seems like under Sterns influence, I believe Schindler at this point truly shows signs of having a good heart and you can feel his sympathy for the Jews. Soon after this event thousands of Jews are shipped off on a train to a concentration camp. By mistake, Itzhak Stern is placed on a train because he forgot his working card. Oskar hears of this mistake and rushes down to the station and ...